New Delhi: Nitrous oxide, commonly known as "laughing gas," historically used in medical and culinary settings, is increasingly being misused among young Americans. Its easy availability through vape shops, alongside flavored vaping products, has led to a worrying trend of recreational use and addiction.
Meg Caldwell, a university student and horse rider from Florida, exemplifies this trend. Initially exposed to nitrous oxide canisters sold at vape shops, she began inhaling the gas recreationally during her college years, with her use escalating during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite experiencing a severe overdose that resulted in temporary paralysis and incontinence, Caldwell continued daily use, spending significant amounts at local smoke shops under the belief that the substance was legally safe.
Tragically, in November 2024, Caldwell was found deceased outside a vape shop at age 29. Her case echoes a broader surge: the United States reported a 58% increase in intentional nitrous oxide exposures between 2023 and 2024, according to the Annual Report of America's Poison Centers.
Health Risks Associated with Nitrous Oxide Abuse
While nitrous oxide can produce short-lived euphoria, frequent or heavy inhalation poses critical health risks. These include hypoxia — a dangerous deficiency of oxygen to the brain — which can be fatal. Chronic use depletes vitamin B12, causing neurological damage, spinal deterioration, and potential paralysis.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data reveals a more than 110% rise in nitrous oxide-related deaths in the US between 2019 and 2023.
Regulatory and Industry Responses
In response to rising misuse, the United Kingdom criminalized possession of nitrous oxide in 2023. Several US states have prohibited recreational use, though the gas remains legally sold for culinary applications nationwide except in Louisiana, which has banned retail sales outright.
In March 2025, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a public warning about nitrous oxide inhalation, citing growing adverse event reports and emphasizing ongoing monitoring and potential regulatory action to safeguard public health.
Major online retailers such as Amazon have recognized the misuse issues associated with nitrous oxide sales and are implementing enhanced safety protocols to reduce abuse.
The increasing popularity of nitrous oxide as a recreational substance among youth, compounded by its accessibility and underestimated risks, has alarmed healthcare experts who emphasize urgent preventative measures and increased public awareness.
